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愚かな政治
ここ数週間の間に、アメリカと日本の両方で大きな選挙が行なわれた。選挙運動についての報道を見ているうち、筆者は、日米の間に大きな違いがあることに気がついた…。
Silly Politics
By SCOTT T. HARDS
In the past few weeks we've had major elections in both the
U.S. and Japan, and that has caused me to do a lot of thinking about politics
lately. Watching the news coverage of both campaigns made clear to
me some key differences in the way people run for office in the two
nations: In the U.S. individuals are running for office, whereas in Japan
political parties are trying to attract votes.
American politicians trying to get elected are going to spend their time
either boasting about past achievements or about their rich
qualifications for the job and what they will do if elected.
Japanese politicians, on the other hand, say virtually nothing about
themselves. Nothing about what they did during their past term in office.
Almost nothing about their qualifications, except perhaps dropping the name
of the university they graduated from. All they do is mouth generalities
from their party's platform and criticize other groups.
If one thinks about the Japanese political system, this is not really
surprising. Why? The system itself places almost no emphasis on
individual politicians and their accomplishments, nor does it permit
individual initiative or independent thinking.
A Japanese Diet member is simply expected to vote along party lines.
The party bosses decide the policy, and the rank-and-file simply cast
their votes. If any members dare to vote against party policy, they are
severely reprimanded or thrown out of the party altogether.
This brings up the question of how a "representative" can actually
represent his or her home district if they simply have to vote along
party lines. Isn't putting a local person in office ― someone uniquely
qualified to understand and fight for the needs of the community ― the
whole reason for dividing the country up into individual districts in the
first place? But since a Japanese Diet member's voting record has
nothing to do with what district they come from, what's the point?
This silliness is carried to an extreme with the proportional
representation system. Voters just jot down the name of a party. Seats
are then doled out based on the total number of votes they
capture. The parties then give these seats to "anybody" in the party that
they want to. That's right! People are voting for politicians they don't even
know!
Under this system, people who have lost in their home districts can get a seat
anyway; even sumo wrestlers who have zero experience in politics or public
policy can quickly become a Japanese Diet member because nobody is
directly voting for them by name.
Many, many proposals have been put forward by by critics in Japan for
reforming the country's political system, but I think the most important
suggestion that can be made is simply to put the individual back into the
game. Make the candidates think for themselves, and make the voters
think about the candidates.
In the past few weeks we've had major elections in both the
U.S. and Japan, and that has caused me to do a lot of thinking about politics
lately. Watching the news coverage of both campaigns made clear to
me some key differences in the way people run for office in the two
nations: In the U.S. individuals are running for office, whereas in Japan
political parties are trying to attract votes.
American politicians trying to get elected are going to spend their time
either boasting about past achievements or about their rich
qualifications for the job and what they will do if elected.
Japanese politicians, on the other hand, say virtually nothing about
themselves. Nothing about what they did during their past term in office.
Almost nothing about their qualifications, except perhaps dropping the name
of the university they graduated from. All they do is mouth generalities
from their party's platform and criticize other groups.
If one thinks about the Japanese political system, this is not really
surprising. Why? The system itself places almost no emphasis on
individual politicians and their accomplishments, nor does it permit
individual initiative or independent thinking.
A Japanese Diet member is simply expected to vote along party lines.
The party bosses decide the policy, and the rank-and-file simply cast
their votes. If any members dare to vote against party policy, they are
severely reprimanded or thrown out of the party altogether.
This brings up the question of how a "representative" can actually
represent his or her home district if they simply have to vote along
party lines. Isn't putting a local person in office ― someone uniquely
qualified to understand and fight for the needs of the community ― the
whole reason for dividing the country up into individual districts in the
first place? But since a Japanese Diet member's voting record has
nothing to do with what district they come from, what's the point?
This silliness is carried to an extreme with the proportional
representation system. Voters just jot down the name of a party. Seats
are then doled out based on the total number of votes they
capture. The parties then give these seats to "anybody" in the party that
they want to. That's right! People are voting for politicians they don't even
know!
Under this system, people who have lost in their home districts can get a seat
anyway; even sumo wrestlers who have zero experience in politics or public
policy can quickly become a Japanese Diet member because nobody is
directly voting for them by name.
Many, many proposals have been put forward by by critics in Japan for
reforming the country's political system, but I think the most important
suggestion that can be made is simply to put the individual back into the
game. Make the candidates think for themselves, and make the voters
think about the candidates.
Shukan ST: Nov. 29, 1996
(C) All rights reserved
- 〜 has caused me to 〜
- 私は〜のせいで〜した
- news coverage
- 報道
- campaigns
- 選挙運動
- 〜 made clear to me 〜
- (〜のおかげで)〜がよくわかった
- run for office
- 公職に立候補する
- individuals
- 個人
- whereas
- ところが
- political parties
- 政党
- votes
- 票
- get elected
- 当選する
- spend their time(〜 ing)
- (〜に)時間をかける
- boasting about 〜
- 〜の自慢をする
- past achievements
- 過去の実績
- rich qualifications for the job
- 政治家としての優れたの能力
- on the other hand
- これに反して
- virtually
- 事実上
- during their past term in office
- 過去の任期中に
- dropping the name of the university they graduated from
- 卒業した大学の名をそれとなく言うこと
- mouth generalities from their party's platform
- 自分の党の政綱についてあたりさわりのないことを口にする
- criticize
- 批判する
- places almost no emphasis on 〜
- 〜にほとんど重きを置かない
- accomplishments
- 業績
- nor does it 〜
- 〜もしない
- permit
- 許す
- individual initiative
- 個人として始める運動
- independent thinking
- 独立した思考
- Diet member
- 国会議員
- along party lines
- 党の路線に沿って
- rank-and-file
- 平党員たち
- cast 〜
- 〜を投じる
- dare to 〜
- あえて〜する
- are severely reprimanded
- 厳しく叱責される
- (are)thrown out of the party altogether
- すっぱりと政党から追い出される
- brings up the question of 〜
- 〜という質問を生む
- "representative"
- 「代表」
- represent
- 代表する
- district
- 選挙区
- 〜 uniquely qualified to 〜
- その人しか〜できないという資質を持った〜
- community
- 地域社会
- individual districts
- 小選挙区
- in the first place
- そもそも
- voting record
- 得票の実績
- has nothing to do with 〜
- 〜とは全く関係がない
- what's the point?
- そんなことをして何になるのか?
- is carried to an extreme with 〜
- 〜で極端なものになっている
- proportional representation system
- 比例代表制
- jot down
- さっと書く
- (are)doled out
- 少しずつ分けられる
- based on 〜
- 〜に基づいて
- capture
- 獲得する
- public policy
- 民政
- have been put forward by 〜
- 〜によって提出されてきた
- critics
- 評論家
- reforming 〜
- 〜の改革
- game
- 政治のこと
- candidates
- 候補者