6月9日号：By and with to describe actions

By and with are prepositions we often use to describe how we do something. Although they seem very similar, there are some differences in their meanings. Let's look at how we use them to describe actions.

By + (noun) can be used to talk about a means or a method of doing something. It is often used when we have more than one option for doing something.

◆ If you are going to be late, please let me know by email. (instead of by texting or by calling)

◆ We usually call the boss by his first name. (instead of by his last name)

◆ You can pay for this by cash or by credit card.

We can also use by + (verb) + ing to talk about a means or method.

◆ You can open the program by clicking this icon.

◆ Please contact the front desk by dialing 001.

◆ I lost weight by watching my diet and exercising regularly.

By is often used to talk about a means or a method of trans-portation.

◆ We went to Kyoto by train.

◆ I usually go to work by bicycle.

◆ How long does it take to get to the stadium by bus?

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英会話イーオン東京本社教務課コーディネーター。イーオン教師のトレーニングや英語セミナーを企画制作するカリスマ教師として活躍中。カリフォルニア大学バークレー校卒業。趣味は読書、料理、クラフトワーク。